FACTBOX-Carbon trading schemes around the world

(Reuters) - Companies and governments are turning to emissions trading as a weapon to fight climate change, in a carbon market worth $64 billion last year.

Cap and trade schemes force participants -- often energy-intensive industries -- to buy permits to emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which is produced from burning fossil fuels.

Australia's leading climate guru Ross Garnaut on Friday laid out a draft carbon trading scheme, to be launched in 2010, to rein in rising emissions in the world's top per-capita greenhouse gas polluter.

New Zealand's carbon market said on Thursday it was in a position to become Asia's leading market for trading in greenhouse gas emissions when it starts up in early 2009.

The European Union launched its cap and trade scheme in 2005, while Canada is set to launch a market of its own in 2010.

U.S. senators last month defeated a proposed federal U.S. climate change bill which included cap & trade.

In another type of carbon market, countries and companies can trade carbon offsets under three, UN-led Kyoto Protocol schemes. The schemes allow rich countries to earn emission permits by investing in cuts in greenhouse gases in other countries.

A full list of established and proposed schemes follows.

INTERNATIONAL SCHEMES